There are more than 10,000 species of freshwater fish and an additional 22,000 species of marine fish known to date, with new species being described almost weekly. There are far too many fish species to even culture more than a tiny fraction of them.
Fish are cultured for one of 3 reasons. Food. A number of species, especially tilapia and some catfish fall into this category. They may be raised in ponds, large indoor vessels or in floating pens in the ocean in the case of some salmon. In order for this to be profitable the fish must be able to grow quickly to market size, be efficient in converting food to biomass and be of a type that people want to eat.
2. Recreational fishing. This applies mostly to trout, at least in the USA, and is usually funded by the government. Adult fish in a reproductive state can be stripped of eggs and milt, usually without harming the fish. The gametes are mixed together and the fertile eggs incubated and hatched, typically indoors. When the juvenile fish are large enough, they are moved to outdoor raceways, which are essentially artificial sections of stream. Fresh water constantly flows through them. When the fish reach a certain size they are released into natural lakes and streams, where they are allowed to grow into adults. The fish may be fin-clipped or tagged so anglers can report fish they catch to monitor the success of the program. Some of the fish may be eaten or may be released after being caught.
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